- The men of Company E (2nd Battalion, 28th Regiment, 5th Marine Division) raise the flag on Mr. Suribachi.
The five Marines: Michael Strank, Rene Gagnon, Ira Hayes, Frankline Sousey and Harlon Block. The Navy Corpman was John Bradley. Only Hayes, Gagnon, and Bradley survived the battle.
Image copyright of Joe Rosenthal / Associated Press
Sixty-one years ago, America's "other D-Day" began. The Invasion of Iwo Jima.
It started at 02:00 on February 19 as battleships began unloading on the island fortifications, followed up by about attacks from almost 100 bombers... then back to the battleships.
At 8:30, the first Marines began their amphibious assault. In total, 30,000 Marines would be involved in the attack.
Many people don't understand why we fought this battle. Iwo Jima is just a piece of rock almost halfway between Saipan and Tokyo - about 700 miles from each location. It is a dinky island, measuring 7.5 square miles. Why waste lives over it? Especially so close to the end of the war?
The answers are simple - this was February, 1945. Germany didn't surrender until May, 1945. No one knew V-J was coming; they didn't know about the atomic bomb. When Admiral Nimitz began preliminary planning for the invasion, the objectives were:
- Turn Iwo Jima into a base used to attack the Japanese home islands - perfect for the new B-29 long-range bomber;
- Conduct search operations of the approaches to the Japanese home islands (remember - the military and naval powers expected to invade Japan... they didn't know about the A-bomb);
- Protect US bases in the Marianas;
- Cover US naval forces;
- Provide fighter escorts for long-range operations.
Iwo Jima would also serve as an airbase to land crippled B-29's. These bombers were now flying from the Marianas and hitting the Japanese mainland. The island also served as an early warning system, notifying the mainland when B-29's were in the air. US control of the island would end that problem.
Even though the US had bombed Iwo Jima for months prior to the invasion, the bombing did little good. There were between 21,000 and 23,000 Japanese naval and military personnel on the island at the time of the invasion, protected by a network of caves and tunnels - more than 11 miles of tunnels. Bombing did little good to destroy the vast network of pillboxes and artillery, all aimed to kill large groupings of Marines with a bold strategy: Japanese artillery was to remain silent during the expected prelanding bombardment, so they wouldn't disclose their positions to the Americans. Upon landing, the Americans were not to encounter any opposition on the beaches. Once American forces advanced inland about 1/4 mile, they would be taken out with concentrated automatic weapons fire and artillery.
Japanese positions were, by order, to be defended to the death; a "come and get me" strategy that would cost the lives of thousands of Marines. Japanese leadership didn't want any large scale counterattacks, withdrawals, nor banzai charges, as they didn't anticipate this would kill as many Americans.
The Marines entered a killing zone much worse than they expected. The battle raged for over one month. Two flags were raised on Mt. Suribachi, the highest point on the island. The second of these was immortalized in the Joe Rosenthal photograph as five Marines and a Navy Corpsman raised the Stars and Stripes using a waterpipe for a flagpole. That image is now synonomous with the bravery of the USMC. Three of these men died later in battle.
Of the Congressional Medals of Honor given to World War II Marines, over 25% were awarded to Marines for their actions during this battle.
Iwo Jima was declared secure on March 26, 1945. The US had 26,000 casualties including the loss of 6,821 brave men. Only 200 Japanese survived.
Imagine what these men went through. There was almost a 25% chance that any Marine would be killed during the invasion. About 85% of the force was wounded or killed.
Marines of any era, we salute you. Veterans, we salute you too. Thank you for serving so bravely and protecting us regardless of the cost.
The USMC War Memorial in Virginia. Tags: World War 2 ,
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